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Track the damage capacitors elco with ESR meter

Sabtu, 07 April 2012 by skemarangkaian

All technicians must have the same experience that the old models of aircraft generally have several common Elco its dry or down in value, mainly found in many brands of china plane. Eco is dry can cause a variety of disorders that are sometimes difficult to trace or even be able to make certain parts do not work at all, especially if used on a circuit that works at such high frequency SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) and the horizontal. Elco dry technicians sometimes make headaches and time consuming when you track the damage.


Many technicians get around this problem by directly replacing all existing Elko, the Elko-regardless of whether Elko is corrupt or not. It is generally quite successful. But sometimes the quality is not good substitutes Elko, so the damaged aircraft back after use for some time. Replace all of Elko is also a problem for yourself if the circuit is improved a lot using Elko. The use of ESR-meter proved to be the most appropriate choice to solve the above problems. We suggest that ESR-meter is a must-have tool for every technician after avo-meter.

Using ESR-meter we've made themselves at a cost of less than 50,000 rupiah we recorded a lot of advantages such as:

  • Elko track damaged by the time more quickly because they do not need to remove the Elko (in-circuit tester) one by one.
  • Elko only replaced damaged
  • Can be used to check the quality of new and used Elko. It is certainly advantageous to utilize part of the former ex-change machine pcb. Sometimes the plane is damaged due to repeated just posted a new Elko was poor quality.
  • Elko that if the check using the ohm-meter sometimes the results are deceptive. Because if you checked with ESR ESR-meter turns his already large.
  • Can be used to check the flyback is short in the primary coil (between the B + with a pin-pin-collectors), def a short yoke, the power tranfo a short primer.
  • To find out if re-chargeable batteries are still good. Re-chargeable battery that is damaged ESR was generally higher when compared to a still good.
  • To keep track of printed lines leaking / short
  • By comparing the capacitors are still good, ESR-meter can be used to check the value of thousands pf capacitor.
Note:
  • ESR meter can not be to find Elko leak or short. Fortunately rare short Elko damage.
  • ESR meter to check the fit only Elko with values ​​ranging 0.47uF and above.
Does ESR it actually?Parameters are generally owned by a Elko understood by engineers is the "maximum working voltage" and "capacitance value". In the real case there are several other parameters such as the "maximum working temperature" (85 or 105 degrees C) and "ESR" (Equivalent Series Resistance).Unless the practice is capacitive in Elko also has the characteristics of "resistive" caused by a combination of resistance to the legs, internal connections, plates and electrolyte. Thus form a resistive characteristic ESR, because if it is portrayed as if such be installed in series with the capacitance of Elko.Ideally, an Elko ESR is zero, but in practice this is impossible.Elko High voltage tends to have larger ESR than the low voltage ElkoElko with small values ​​tend to have higher ESR values ​​greater than Elko.Elko 105 degrees (C) tend to have higher ESR than Elko 85 degrees (C).


What Is the ESR-meter?
ESR meter is a kind of ohm-meter that can be used to measure the amount of "resistance" of Elko. Difference if the ohm-meter using a dc current (direct current) to drive the meter, then use the ESR meter ac (alternating current) with a standard frequency 150Khz. As had been explained that ideally Elko its ESR is zero. But this is not possible in practice. Elko good quality 10uF value is close to zero or more generally.


What is the cause of ESR Elko subject to change.
  • The first is caused because of the connection quality is poor constituents. It can be found in Elko Elko New and old.
  • Both are caused due to dry the liquid electrolyte due to evaporate or leak, which can be found at the old Elko. Are the consequences of large ESR Elko turned into?



Consequences of changing the value of ESR Elko
  • Elko is a working principle can be "in-fill and waste of" electric charge repeatedly. Thus ESR Elko-charging current will be passed this exile repeatedly in accordance with the working frequency of the circuit. And we certainly have understood that if bypassed resistor will generate heat flows in accordance with the magnitude of the current strength through resistance value and the corresponding magnitude. Similarly, the Elko with ESR, the greater the greater the ESR value of the heat arising in Elko, and the higher the frequency the greater the heat generated. This heat can eventually cause the electrolyte evaporates into a gas and seeped out, so the value of Elko will turn down. In the specific cases heat can even make Elko explode.
  • On a circuit that works at high frequencies Elko should have zero resistance to the high frequency signal. If the ESR of the resistance turned into Elko is no longer zero, and if the resistance value change is large enough to make the workings of the chaotic circuit.


Our experience with the use of ESR meter in the aircraft repair older model (the old plane), the first one we always do is:
  • Check out all the Elko with ESR-meter at the SMPS, Horizontal and Vertical and immediately replace it if the ESR problem.
  • Check visually (with a magnifying glass if necessary) solder-solder on the SMPS, the output Horizontal, Vertical output, and the CRT socket pcb and soldering again if there appears a problem or suspicious solder it.
  • Both of these were able to eliminate the difficulties that may arise and difficult to trace, so the use of ESR meter can shorten repair time.



How to use homemade ESR meter (calibration)
  • Once the tool is finished
  • Collect some old Elko is still good. Find Elko pcb traces of the plane, made in Japan or Europe the original (former aircraft engine change) because of generally good quality for use as a reference.
  • Grouped on the basis of a value less dar 2.2uF, 4.7uF is less than, less than and greater than 10uF 10uF.
  • Try using the ESR-meter to measure each group, and mark the position of the needle meter on each group
  • These markers can be used as a reference to the appointment of Elko ESR is still good.
  • If the meter needle to deviate less from the reference mark, the mean ESR Elko is not good.


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Phone busy pointer circuits

Selasa, 03 April 2012 by skemarangkaian

Phone circuits are busy pointer. A busy signal is a signal that indicates that someone is trying to call a phone number but could not be contacted because the phone if it is not involved, or because the circuits are busy, calls are impossible to solve.

On many phones, busy signals take the form of a distinctive tone, but a busy signal can also be visual, as in the case yanga phone designed for users of deafness or hearing impairment. Many people are familiar with a busy signal sounds, because significantly different from the dial tone, a tone that indicates that the phone line is open and ready to be called.

In most cases, only a busy signal indicates that the person you are calling is a call. A busy signal will also sound when the phone is turned off. In this case, the signal indicates that there are no technical obstacles to placing the call, but calls can not be completed because the phone is in use.

In some cases, you can ask the operator to enter, if you call in an emergency, in this case the operator will interrupt the call and inquire whether the subject is willing to take your call.

Have you ever use a modem or fax and someone else pick up the phone, disconnect? Phone circuits are busy these simple pointers that will end all that. Menunjukkam phone signal is being used then the red LED. When the phone is not used, the green LED lights up. It does not require external power and can be connected anywhere on the phone line, even mounted inside the phone.

Phone busy pointer circuits
Phone busy pointer circuits 
List of Components:
R1 = 3.3K 1/4 W Resistor
R2 = 33K 1/4 W Resistor
R3 = 56K 1/4 W Resistor
R4 = 22K 1/4 W Resistor
R5 = 4.7K 1/4 W Resistor

Q1, Q2 = 2N3392 NPN Transistor
BR1      = 1.5 Amp 250 PIV Bridge Rectifier
LED1   = LED red
LED2   = LED green
Others  = Wire, Containers, Telephone Cable

This circuit is very simple and easy to make on the board and installed on the phone. Try a series of telephone busy pointer

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Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit

Senin, 26 Maret 2012 by skemarangkaian

Automatic water pump controller is a series of functions to control the Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit in a reservoir or water storage. As the water level sensor made with a metal plate mounted on the reservoir or water tank, with a sensor in the short to create the top level and a detection sensor for detecting long again made the lower level and ground lines connected to the bottom of reservoirs or reservoir. The series of automatic water pump controller is designed with 2 inputs NOR by 4 pieces and relay that is activated by the transistor. Automatic water pump circuit requires +12 VDC voltage source and can be used to control the water pump is connected to AC power . Here is the complete series of pictures.


Series Automatic Water Pump Controller 

Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit


List Component Automatic Water Pump Controller 
R1 = 15K 
R2 = 15K 
R3 = 10K 
R4 = 1K 
D1 = LED 
D2 = 1N4148 
Q1 = BC337 
IC1 = 4001 
SW = SPDT Switches 
Relay RL1 = 12V 

The working principle series of automatic water pump controller above is. At the time the water level is below both sensors, the output IC1C (pin 10) will be LOW, Kemudin when the water began to touch the lower level sensor, the output IC1C (pin10) remains LOW until the water touches the sensor level above, then the output IC1C (pin 10) going HIGH and active relay through Q1 and turn on the water pump to meguras reservoir. At the muli down and water level sensors for water untouched MKA IC1C output (pin 10) remains HIGH until the new water untouched semuasensor IC1C output (pin 10) LOW and water pump died. The series of automatic water pump controller is equipped with SW1 which serves to reverse the logic of drains (the output of IC1C) and the concept of water supplied (output dri IC1D). When SW1 is connected to IC1D the water pump will turn on when the water does not touch all the sensors and will die when all the sensors tesentuh water. Automatic water pump controller can be used to fill or drain the water according to which mode is selected via SW1.

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Audio phase-shift oscillator Circuit Diagram

Jumat, 23 Maret 2012 by skemarangkaian

Here is a phase-shift audio oscillator with excellent distortion characteristics thanks to “softened” diode limiting provided by the 1N914 and resistor divider and degenerated gain provided by the 68 ohm emitter resistor. For minimum distortion, increase the 68 ohm resistor to a point just below where oscillation stops. A simple buffer may be added for driving lower impedance loads.

Audio phase-shift oscillator with amplitude stabilization

The output amplitude will be about 5 volts p-p but one of the 1N914’s 10k divider resistors may be changed for a different output amplitude. The circuit will work well with a power supply voltage other than 9 volts but the 68 ohm resistor may need adjustment

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Type of pneumatic valve

Minggu, 18 Maret 2012 by skemarangkaian

Pneumatic Valve Types
Pneumatic valves have many types and functions. pneumatic valves .The role as a regulator / controller in the pneumatic system. Components such control or so-called valves (Valves). Pneumatic Valve types can be grouped according to the construction design as follows:

valve type, valve type species, type of pneumatic valve, control valve components
a. Poppet valves (Poppet Valve Pneumatic)
■ Ball Valve (Ball Valve Pneumatic Seat)
■ Disc Valves (Pneumatic Valve Seat Disc)

b. Slide valve (slide valve Pneumatic)
■ Longitudinal Slide
■ Slide Plate

Meanwhile, according to its function valves are grouped as follows:
a) Valves Steering (Directional Control Valves)
b) One-way Valve (Non Return Valves)
c) Regulatory Pressure Valve (Pressure Control Valves)
d) Flow Control Valves (Flow Control Valves)
e) open-close valve (Shut-off valves)

While the arrangement order in the pneumatic system can be described as follows:
■ The input signal or input element gets energy directly from
power source (air felts) are then transmitted to the processor
signal.
■ The signal processor or processing element signal processing
logic inputs are to be forwarded to the fi nal control element.
■ end of the control signal (final control element) that will drive the direction of movement of the actuator output (working element) and this is the end result of the pneumatic system.

- Pneumatic-Valve Types

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Triac Light Switch as a dimers

Kamis, 15 Maret 2012 by skemarangkaian

The series of light switches this time slightly different from the voltage of work. The series of light switches can work directly on the AC power network. Light switches are using the main component of TRIAC and LDR. The circuit is very simple and the components were sold in the market.

If you want a light reception sensitivity of this circuit can be arranged then the 3.3 MOhm resistor can be replaced with a variable resistor. For more details can be seen from the following series of images.
Circuit Diagram

With Triac Light Switch series is as dimers, but dimers control performed by the reception of light around the LDR. The lower the intensity cayaha received LDR then  bright lights. For installation LDR need to be considered so as not exposed to light from the lamp directly.

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DVD Player Circuits

by skemarangkaian

However, if this is your aboriginal activity with an HC908 MCU, it is simpler to alpha from a allotment with the user adviser already programmed and known-good hardware, as the bargain M68DEMO908QT4 amateur kit.
gambar skema rangkaian dvd

A QT dent programmed with a tiny user-monitor allows the user to amount appliance programs, abode breakpoints and watch variables with about no aerial for the affairs running. ICD approach requires aloof one pin (PTA0) for abstracts transfer, a pushbutton to accumulate PTA2 ashore during reset, and a atomic interface for the PC consecutive port: see [3] [4] for a ambit schematic (compatible with the DVD-thermometer) and abundant programming explanations.

A actual advantageous affection of the QT MCU is accouterments abutment for one-pin ICD (in-circuit debug), authoritative an adversary accidental for best developers.

The ambit will not add aloof addition cable to the AV tangle: it is array powered. Four AA beef accumulation a absolute of 6 volts. Notably, a voltage regulator is unnecessary, but if you feel afflictive powering chips abutting to their best tolerable voltage you can consistently add one. I begin an electrolytic capacitor an two clarify capacitors are abundant to accommodate apple-pie power.

Timing attention is important to get actual alien ascendancy waveforms: the 1% blueprint for the centralized oscillator is not far from the accurateness of bowl resonators, which are frequently active in best alien controls.

With aloof eight genitalia and a battery, the accouterments can hardly be simpler. Ambit access is a aftereffect advancing beeline from the akin of affiliation of its capital components.

The temperature sensor IC is either a DS1621 or DS1631 (Maxim). This 8-pinner includes a complete agenda temperature sensor/thermostat with I2C output. With the adapted commands, the temperature can be apprehend from the consecutive interface with a affirmed accurateness of 0.5 °C, and a resolution of up to 0.1°C. It does not crave calibration, which is advantageous because you can assurance your thermometer after messing with ice and baking water.

Its pin 3 can assignment as a thermostat, but this affection is bare in this application. Pins 5…7 actuate the low $.25 of the accessory I2C abode (up to 8 sensors can be affiliated in alongside on the aforementioned I2C bus); ambience the access as apparent configures the accessory to acknowledge at abode 0×90.

The MCU is the Motorola MC68HC908QT4, a tiny 8-pin accessory with 4 kB of beam and 128 bytes of RAM. A nice appropriate of the QT is that all of its pins (except power) can be acclimated as I/O, as able displace is affirmed by agency of centralized brown-out circuitry, and a flash-calibrated centralized oscillator provides a analytic abiding alarm source.

Two I/O pins serve as I2C bus abstracts and clock. All QT pins affection programmable pull-ups, so alien resistors on the I2C bus are unnecessary.

Another I/O anchorage drives the IR LED (ports can antecedent up to 25 mA) through a accepted attached resistor. Peak accepted is set to 8 mA, abundant lower than a “real” alien control, because the accessory is advised to accomplish in abutting adjacency of the DVD player.

Rather, boundless LED ability may baffle with added IR accessories in the aforementioned location, e.g. air conditioners, TVs, VCRs, DVD players and others electronics appurtenances frequently begin in homes, offices and shops.

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Electricity Power Saver

Rabu, 14 Maret 2012 by skemarangkaian

Do you know how to work his usual power saving devices in the market is shaped like a dry battery with a plug into an outlet?. Actually you can create your own tool with much better quality with much cheaper price.
Because of the way it works is to reduce the magnitude from cosine curve AC current that will be read on the gauge kilometer. Device work if there is air conditioning load passes through a coil of wire sensors to measure the AC current which is being passed.


power saver circuit diagram
Power Saver Circuit


A very influential component in the AC circuit is a capacitor and inductor. Therefore we need to filter the AC current before it enters our home electricity network. Obviously we did not perform the act of theft of electricity, and this tool will not be detected by the device are as follows . How to installation, Here I would include a scheme of the circuit which will be installed close to the mile. The closer, the more optimal the way it works, use good quality capacitors, for security MCB here, serves to prevent the occurrence of shorting out due to damage to the capacitor. Then Enter in box or plastic box which is strong enough. Better capacitor in the cast by GIP's or cement, so that power is wasted heat well.

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What is Switchgear ??

Kamis, 08 Maret 2012 by skemarangkaian

Switchgear represents the set of joins and changes that are necessary to be able to turn down electrical powered devices. It is a valuable part of any electrical powered program because to be able to have a safe electrical powered program, you need an efficient switchgear build that allows you to place turn down the electrical powered devices in the event of an urgent situation.

Switchgear

Switchgear has been around for a while, and as a result, the present technological innovation is quite innovative compared to the unique switchgear techniques, which necessary a guide shut down. There are some circumstances in which a guide shut down is not recommended. In fact, in many circumstances it is at a minimal annoying to personally turn down the switchgear because the switchgear is placed in a distant location for protection.

The switchgear must be protected to be able to perform properly. In lesser techniques, this is obtained by having the switchgear in a fenced in in area exterior. This needs a large start air space and this will only work in small techniques. Because this is not easy for all techniques, however, there are several alternative insulation material options available.

For a while oil was a common insulator, but the risk provided by an oil leak, especially given the vicinity to electrical powered techniques has led to the constant move away from oil insulation material in switchgear technological innovation. Oil insulation material performs by capturing some vaporized oil through the electrical arc to put out it. Again, this strategy is efficient but is hardly ever integrated lately due to the risk of oil leaks.

One of the best insulation materials is gas, although it is expensive and therefore not appropriate for all circumstances. In this scenario, the routine buster uses attractive areas to expand the electrical powered arc and then the gas smashes the arc. You must use a specific insulation gas.

Another insulation strategy is machine insulation material. In this scenario, the machine insulation material quenches the electrical arc. This only performs in method present circumstances because there machine insulation material is not strong enough or constant enough to handle higher present circumstances. The electrical arc is compacted in this program as machine insulation material needs very little extending to be able to put out the present.

Another option is a compacted air protected program. In this program the air elongates the electrical powered arc until it is incapable to maintain itself and extinguishes itself. This is a simple program and efficient in many present preparations. This is obviously not at all the same as the start air program previously mentioned.

Switchgear is an important feature for any electrical powered program. Without an efficient switchgear scenario, the electrical powered program is dangerous and risky. Now that the switchgear technological innovation is able to work via handheld distant control, the protection of the scenario has been improved considerably.

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Motor driver L298 Circuit

Selasa, 06 Maret 2012 by skemarangkaian

DC motor driver with H-Bridge IC L293D
IC H Bridge DC motor driver L298 has two H-Bridge circuit in it, so it can be used to download the drive two DC motors. H Bridge DC motor driver L298 each can deliver currents up to 2A. However, in use, the H Bridge DC motor driver L298 can be used in parallel, so the ability to deliver the H Bridge DC motor driver L298 flow into 4A. The consequences of the installation of H Bridge L298 DC motor driver with the parallel mode, you need 2 pieces Bridge H L298 DC motor driver to control two DC motors using H bridge DC motor driver L298 in parallel mode.
H Bridge Pin IC L298 DC motor driver which is connected in parallel operation mode:
* OUT1 connected to OUT4.
* OUT2 OUT3 linked.
* IN1 is connected to IN4.
* IN2 connected to IN3.
* ENABLE ENABLE A linked to B.

OUT1/OUT4 and OUT2/OUT3 associated with DC motors to be controlled.

Please note that the output of the L298 does not have a safety diode. Thus, the need to add two diodes - flyback diodes, with appropriate current capability, at any point output.

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PWMMotor Driver

Rabu, 29 Februari 2012 by skemarangkaian

As the title "PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking" this series is a PWM DC motor controller that can control DC motors with clockwise rotation and counter-clockwise and is equipped with a braking system. 


In a series DC motor control PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking use this system for SASL PWM DC motor rotation speed. Power driver in a series DC motor PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking uses mosfet IRF150. Then, to control the direction of rotation of DC motor in the circuit of PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking uses relays. Then the braking system on a series of PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking is done by a resistor that is connected to the motor using relays.


Fig circuit PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking

Click to view larger




See image details a series of PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking above. DC motor speed is set to pulse through the input PWM PWM, Power driver uses and the protection mosfet IRF150 with D7 as dumping. Then to start and stop is controlled via the logic input lines provided on the start / stop circuit PWM DC Motor Driver. Line inputs are used to set the reverse direction of rotation of DC motor that is with merberikan logic 1 / 0 on the path. R19 in the circuit of PWM DC Motor Driver serves as an expense to do the braking puteran DC motor.

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Zero Crossing Detector Circuit

by skemarangkaian

Zero Crossing Detector circuit is basically an application of a comparator. In the article series Zero Crossing Detector with Op Amp is built using a comparator of an Op Amp IC741/351. The process of detection of this comparator is  0Volt input signal crossing point by making reference value at comparator 0Volt.



 The output of the Zero Crossing Detector circuit with Op Amp is wave-shaped box that detection result of the crossroads of 0 volt input signal.

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Very Simple Peak Indicator Circuit

Jumat, 17 Februari 2012 by skemarangkaian


This series is made to indicate that the amplifier has been given the maximum signal, the amplifier has the ability to be at its peak. if the lights do not mean the signal-plus volume.the way it works is the LED lights will light up when given a signal that more than 1.8 volts, the average amplifier will be saturated (maximum) if the signal was given more than this. 


The circuit is very simple to the point that we forget that making a series of peak signal can in this way. circuit is mounted on the output tone control IC, master mixer output, or input power amplifier. This series does not impose on other circuits.survived the experiment!

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DC fan control circuit for power amplifier

by skemarangkaian

DC fan control circuit for power amplifier .Variable speed DC fanThis series of works based on the input signal. Speed ​​/ fan rotation depending on size of the input signal coming from speaker lines. If there is no signal then the fan will spin slowly according to the setting VR1.Input supply can be taken directly from the main transformer power amplifier, 12V CT 12V, so no need to increase the transformer again.

Circuit Schematic Electronics | CSE


This circuit has been tested and do not cause buzzing.correction: the lowest R: 560 ohm

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TDA 7309 Digital Audio Processor Circuit

Rabu, 15 Februari 2012 by skemarangkaian


Digital Audio Processor TDA 7309 is a stereo audio processor with independent volume control of each channel was to get the audio quality of a good processor. Digital Audio Processor TDA 7309 is equipped with a loudness control is controlled externally. Digital Audio Processor TDA 7309 also has a soft mute feature stand-alone for each canals. Digital Audio Processor TDA 7309 is controlled via the I2C serial bus system with a microcontroller interface. 


Click to view larger.

Block Diagram of Digital Audio Processor TDA 7309Feature-owned Digital Audio Processor TDA 7309The input multiplexer with 3 stereo inputRecording function on the output lineLoudnes external ontrolIndependent volume controlDigital volume control with 1dB stepSoft MuteAll functions of the Digital Audio Processor TDA 7309 is programmed via the I2C serial bus system

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Create a Digital Volume Control Circuit

by skemarangkaian

This series is the volume of the digital amplifier That is used on or tone control. This series ic type using DS1669 Digital Pot IC specifically for this volume match. a series of settings used at the middle-class amplifier That small powerless under 50 watts.volum11components: C1 = 0.1uf Ceramic, IC = IC DS1669 Digital Pot, S1 / S2 = digital swicthOr you can use the series to this one:volum2The Work: The digital volume control IC uses 9.
Click to view larger.


Required to operate the series voltage regulator is 12 volts. IC1 (555) is very good to work as a flip-flop. Frequency or period can be determined with selecting value of resistor R44, R45 is combined with a capacitor C6. In this series has a 0.3 second period.IC2 is used to Decrease or increase of the calculation. In the series of this mode is used to raise up and down mode is used to Decrease the volume. 
While IC4 and IC3 has a 16-channel, analogue multiplexers, while working as an analog switch. IC3 is used as in the series of level indicator while IC4 is used as potentiometer.After the next power in the on-it, and the switch S1 is pressed to reset. When the switch S2 is pressed, the IC2 and the balance in the form of output legs responded B, C, and D in CMOS IC2. Output B, C and D control line inputs IC2 and IC3, and the chosen one, the 16-channel output, by turning on the analogue.In this series, IC4 is used as the potentiometer is connected to the That resistor 15 (R9 to R23) each of the 16 input pins and resistor / capacitor combination with C2, C3 and R7 to the output. 
Switch S2 is used to raise and switch S3 is used to Decrease the volume.Electrolyte capacitor of 1uF (C4) is used to Prevent the occurrence of noise. While the R8 and the resistor R6 is used to Prevent Tension on the half-supply voltage in order to avoid distortion of the audio signal coming from the preamplifier. Meanwhile, capacitor C2, C3 and resistor R7 is provided to filter the audio. Happy work, hopefully successfully. 

 COMPONENT LIST:

R1, 2, 3, 4: 560R R16: 1,5KR45: 150KR5: 680RR17: 3,3KC1: 0,01uFR6, 8: 100KR18: 5,6KC2, 3: 100nFR7: 1MR19: 8,2KC4: 1uF/50VR9: 10RR20: 15KC5: 100nFR10: 12RR21: 33KIC1: 555R11: 42RR22: 56KIC2: 74193R12: 100RR23: 1,5MIC3: CD4067R13: 220RR24…R39: 560RIC4: CD4067R14: 470RR40..R43: 4,7KIC5: 7805R15: 820RR44: 330KIC6 N1-N4): 7407

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Create a electric shock-resistant tool

by skemarangkaian

You've electric shock?? .. Well, .. it was nice to recover all your gout! Sometimes true .. but we often do not touch circuit accidentally in the work that is still connected with line / grid (pln) .. pissed, wants I think we stepped on the stuff ..! patient first. 


Is there any easy way to avoid electric shock in repair work .. can even avoid the occurrence of ESD, if we deal with electronic goods which are sensitive to ESD (PC motherboards, mobile phones, circuit digital etc). you raft just like this series .. used as supply for the solder, when dealing with components which are sensitive to ESD and touch (CMOS IC). the greater capacity of the transformer Ampere. the greater the (good) power which can be handled. The second transformer is identical / similar.

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